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Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Revise INEC communication policy and train staff to engage in proactive, timely communication with voters, especially during operational challenges and technical disruptions.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should stablish and maintain a dedicated, real‑time communication channel for election‑day updates, including postponements, reassigned polling units and logistical delays.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Publicly provide a detailed explanation of the IReV malfunction, disclose findings of any investigations and ensure accountability for any proven sabotage or negligence.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Conduct comprehensive stress testing and system audits of IReV ahead of future elections to prevent technical failures.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Law enforcement and prosecutorial authorities should investigate election‑day violence and vote buying and ensure convictions where offences are proven.
Police, EFCC, ICPC, Ministry of Justice • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC and the judiciary should strengthen institutional collaboration for timely adjudication of electoral disputes.
INEC, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should conduct rigorous background checks on permanent and ad‑hoc election staff and facilitate prosecution of officials implicated in fraud.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Political parties should enforce compliance with National Peace Accord by preventing violence by party agents.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Social media platforms should strengthen rapid‑response mechanisms to address election misinformation.
Social Media Companies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Security agencies deployed for elections should maintain neutrality and professionalism.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should conduct an independent, transparent post‑election performance review of the 2023 election.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should update voter register by removing deceased and ineligible voters before each election.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should strengthen recruitment and training of ad‑hoc staff on election technology.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Clarify constitutional provisions relating to presidential election victory thresholds.
National Assembly, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
Security agencies and government should provide stronger logistical and financial support to INEC.
Security Agencies, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
INEC should ensure institutions like NYSC and ASUU implement robust training aligned with election operational standards.
INEC, NYSC, ASUU • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL
An independent post‑election review committee with civil society and legal experts should be constituted.
Civil Society, Legal Bodies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
The National Assembly should establish an Electoral Offences Commission.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
National Assembly should establish a Political Parties Regulatory Commission.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
Strengthen INEC independence, particularly appointments and operational support.
National Assembly, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
Strengthen autonomy and effectiveness of democracy‑support institutions (ICPC, EFCC, NHRC).
National Assembly, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
Federal government should establish a National Cohesion Commission to reduce election tensions.
Executive, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL
Constitute an independent electoral reform committee.
Executive, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Federal & state governments should prevent use of state resources to advantage parties.
Federal & State Governments • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2023 General Elections
Federal & state governments should guarantee safe, enabling environment for media and CSOs.
Federal & State Governments • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
INEC should demonstrate independence by effective deployment and functionality of election technologies (BVAS, IReV).
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
INEC should enforce Section 95 (1–2) to curb hate speech during campaigns.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Religious leaders should refrain from campaigning in places of worship.
Religious Institutions • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
INEC should decentralise the Inter‑Agency Consultative Committee on Election Security (ICCES).
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure timely and adequate electoral information to media, civil society and public.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should prevent logistical failures by ensuring timely deployment and protection of materials.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
INEC should collaborate with security & private providers to deliver Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT).
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should intensify efforts to ensure PVC collection ahead of elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should strengthen election security through capacity building.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should conduct timely threat assessments and joint operations.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should proactively prevent mobilisation of political thugs and violent groups.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should deploy non‑kinetic strategies to counter disinformation and violent mobilisation.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should act professionally and transparently with equal protection for all.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should collaborate with community‑based security outfits on early warning.
Security Agencies, Community Groups • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Political parties and candidates should comply with peace accords and refrain from violence.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Political parties should ensure party agents are trained on electoral procedures and held accountable.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Media organisations should comply with the Electoral Act by rejecting content that promotes hate or violence.
Media Organisations • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
INEC should collaborate with security agencies to strengthen security assessments of volatile areas.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
INEC should enhance training for election security personnel and deploy standby units to prevent intimidation.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
INEC should thoroughly test election technologies and conduct refresher training for staff on BVAS.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • 2023 General Elections
INEC should expand arrangements for IDP voting centres near camps.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should conduct extensive training for its personnel and strengthen electoral logistics.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should secure increased & timely funding to enable observation coverage.
INEC, Federal Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should strengthen its PVC distribution process by addressing administrative lapses.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should reduce late deployment of polling officials & materials.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure all PUs are supplied with complete election materials.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve polling unit layout and crowd control to guarantee ballot secrecy.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should be better prepared to prevent voter intimidation and election‑day violence.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure strict compliance with result management guidelines.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure real‑time electronic transmission of all election results to the IReV portal.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should conduct post‑election reforms to address failures in result transmission.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve voting accessibility for PWDs.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
RECs should be appointed based on merit ensuring experienced, apolitical commissioners.
INEC, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should simplify voter registration with a one‑step process.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Election sequencing should be consolidated to reduce cost and voter fatigue.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Voting hours should be extended to at least 8 hours.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
INEC should provide transparency on procurement, operations, and functionality of election technology.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Early voting should be allowed for election workers.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should sensitise citizens early about new polling units.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
ICCES should map polling units prone to violence and provide trained armed security.
Security Agencies, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Conduct a full audit and update of the voter register to remove duplicates, underage voters, etc.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Enforce sanctions on electoral offenders including INEC staff and security personnel.
INEC, Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Scale up voter education campaigns covering voting processes, electoral laws, dangers of vote buying.
INEC, Political Parties, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should start early distribution of observer identity cards and kits.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Conduct a comprehensive multi‑stakeholder independent audit/review of the 2023 general elections.
INEC, Civil Society, Development Partners • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Investigate and prosecute electoral offenders, particularly collating and returning officers involved in results manipulation; provide regular public updates on prosecutions.
INEC, Judiciary, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve proactive communication, adopt timely disclosure and strategic engagement with the public to rebuild trust.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Review the appointment process into INEC; Amend the constitution per Uwais Committee recommendations.
National Assembly, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Professionalise INEC appointments by considering skills, qualifications, age, health, gender, and non‑partisanship.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Integrate public participation in INEC appointments, allow scrutiny of nominees before Senate confirmation.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Unbundle INEC (Political Party Registration & Regulatory Commission and Electoral Offences Commission).
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Enforce mandatory training and use of technology for all permanent and ad‑hoc INEC staff.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Reduce over‑dependence on third‑party vendors and logistics providers by building internal capacity.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Fix ambiguities in results management; Review Electoral Act to clarify collation and transmission.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Align reconfiguration of technological devices with election dates and allow stakeholder observation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Issue additional guidelines to strengthen legal framework, e.g., results under duress.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Audit the voter register to remove duplicates and ineligible voters; ensure public scrutiny.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Generate the voter register from NIMC civil registry.
National Assembly, INEC, NIMC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Review requirement for voter identification; adopt alternative IDs with BVAS.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Allow early voting for election workers including INEC staff, observers, security.
INEC, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Amend constitution and Electoral Act to enable diaspora voting.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Revisit voter allocation to polling units: audit, redistribute and communicate.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Introduce legal timelines for testing and mock exercises of electoral technologies.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Make electronic transmission of results compulsory, including PU‑level uploads.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Limit excesses of incumbents by restraining use of state institutions to intimidate opponents.
Security Agencies, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Neutralise pre‑election threats: Security agencies address early warning signs.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Reform party primaries to eliminate barriers against women, youth, and PWD candidates.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Promote issue‑based politics: debates, townhalls, candidate meetings.
Political Parties, Media • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Integrate governance accountability in voter education; sustained participation post‑election.
Civil Society, Media, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Boost voter turnout: Promote culture of voting and citizen engagement.
Civil Society, Media • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Curb vote trading: Citizens resist tactics by politicians.
Civil Society, Media, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Remove ambiguities in electoral law and regulations to prevent conflicting interpretations.
National Assembly, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2023 General Elections
Ensure inclusive consultation and timely publication of all election laws and guidelines.
INEC, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Establish accountable selection process for INEC Commissioners and RECs with merit‑based criteria.
National Assembly, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Enhance capacity of electoral staff through revised procedures and targeted training.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Mandate legal disclosure of election technology test and audit results, including protocols, procurement specs.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Establish a robust, transparent, verifiable results processing system with real‑time uploading of PU results.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Allow citizens who turn 18 ahead of elections to register during previous period.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Conduct timely independent external audit of the voter register, including biometric checks.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Remove unreasonable restrictions on right to stand by curbing excessive fees in party primaries.
National Assembly, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political & Campaign Finance • 2023 General Elections
Strengthen campaign regulation enforcement with an effective monitoring & sanction mechanism.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political & Campaign Finance • 2023 General Elections
Introduce mandatory dedicated bank accounts for parties and candidates with clear reporting rules.
INEC, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Provide adequate protection for freedom of expression by enabling prompt investigation and prosecution of attacks against media practitioners.
Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Ensure independence of the National Broadcasting Commission through transparent selection and accountability mechanisms.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Transform federal government media (NTA, FRCN) into independent public broadcasters with editorial & financial autonomy.
National Assembly, Executive • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Amend restrictive legislative provisions (e.g., Cybercrimes Act, Official Secrets Act) to align with international freedom of expression standards.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media & digital rights) • 2023 General Elections
Adopt inclusive legislative/regulatory measures to protect voters’ independent opinions and reduce harmful content without undermining free expression.
National Assembly, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • 2023 General Elections
Implement affirmative action measures to increase women’s representation in political parties & elected offices.
National Assembly, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • 2023 General Elections
Ensure genuine voting opportunities for PWDs & other vulnerable groups.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • 2023 General Elections
Issue clear operational framework for IDPs to exercise voting rights with targeted voter education.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2023 General Elections
Guarantee legal access for observers and media to all election stages, with sanctions for obstruction.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Change legal timelines to ensure pre‑election disputes are resolved well in advance and published timely.
Judiciary, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Address impunity for electoral offences by strengthening inter‑agency coordination and publishing consolidated outcomes.
Judiciary, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Ensure immediate access to key electoral information with legal sanction for non‑compliance.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Prosecute all electoral offenders to uphold the Electoral Act 2022.
INEC, Judiciary, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Election Technology • 2023 General Elections
Train and retrain electoral officers and ad‑hoc staff on electoral technologies and contemporary electoral practices.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of Women & Marginalised Groups • 2023 General Elections
Engage in high‑level dialogues with traditional, religious, and community leaders to encourage broader citizen participation, especially female voters.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2023 General Elections
Clean up the voters’ register to ensure accurate data and reflect actual eligible voters.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Voting Hours • 2023 General Elections
Extend election timeframe (e.g., 8:30 am to 5 pm) to improve participation, particularly of women.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Arrest and investigate all individuals involved in electoral crimes, in line with the Electoral Act.
Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2023 General Elections
Ensure impartiality and neutrality of security agents during elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidate Conduct • 2023 General Elections
Politicians and parties should maintain peace, be magnanimous in victory, and collaborate with all citizens to improve governance.
Political Parties, Candidates • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Information Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Media should desist from sensationalism and hate speech to prevent tensions before, during, and after elections.
Media Houses • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Information Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Media should verify and fact‑check all information before publication to ensure accuracy.
Media Houses • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Information Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Media should remain professional, neutral, and non‑partisan in discharging duties.
Media Houses • Updated 2026-02-05
Voting Accessibility / Priority Voting • 2023 General Elections
Decongest overpopulated polling units to enable priority voting for PWDs.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Polling Unit Infrastructure / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
Provide ramps and handrails inside and outside polling units to ensure barrier‑free access for PWDs.
INEC, Federal & State Governments • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Technology / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
Ensure timely deployment of PWD assistive materials (Braille ballot guides, EC30E forms, magnifying glasses).
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Capacity Building • 2023 General Elections
Strengthen training of regular and ad‑hoc staff to administer assistive Election Day materials for PWDs.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voting Accessibility / Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Ensure voting cubicles and ballot boxes allow PWDs to cast ballots confidentially and independently.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Stakeholder Engagement / Inclusion • 2023 General Elections
Continue engagement & consultation with the disability community to identify areas for improving inclusive electoral processes.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Electoral Safety • 2023 General Elections
Develop special protocols for protection of voters and observers with disabilities, and ensure personnel are trained to implement them.
INEC, Police, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Accessibility / Infrastructure • 2023 General Elections
Work with agencies and private sector to ensure public buildings accommodate PWDs for elections and daily life.
Federal & State Governments • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Declare a state of emergency on electoral offenders and ensure full prosecution as deterrent.
Executive (Federal & State) • Updated 2026-02-05
Accessibility / Governance • 2023 General Elections
Strengthen building codes and enforce accessibility standards for PWDs during and beyond elections.
Executive (Federal & State) • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Legislative Oversight • 2023 General Elections
Ensure legislative oversight of INEC and effective implementation of the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities Act, 2018.
National & State Assemblies • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Electoral Safety • 2023 General Elections
Develop special protocols for protection of voters and observers with disabilities, and ensure personnel are trained to implement them.
Police & Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Civic Education / Voter Awareness • 2023 General Elections
Conduct voter education that complements efforts of PWD organisations and promotes political participation of PWDs.
Media, Civil Society Organisations • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Information Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
Include disability inclusion in broadcast & news production, e.g. sign language interpretation.
Media Houses • Updated 2026-02-05
Stakeholder Engagement / Inclusion • 2023 General Elections
Ensure civil society organisations include PWDs in election activities as advisors or participants.
Civil Society, Election‑Focused Organisations • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Accountability / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Conduct an independent, citizen‑led review of the 2023 elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Data Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Ensure all presidential election results images are uploaded to IReV & provide machine‑analysable PU‑level results.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Publish list of canceled polling units, reasons and PVCs collected.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Prosecute electoral offenders responsible for violence or manipulation.
INEC, Police, Courts • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Accountability / International Oversight • 2023 General Elections
Sanction & publicly name government/party officials who encouraged or tolerated electoral violence.
International Community • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Gender Representation • 2023 General Elections
Prioritize gender quota legislation to increase women’s representation in elected offices.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Process Reform / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
Update Electoral Act 2022 to support absentee voting including observers, poll officials, security personnel.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Electoral Offences • 2023 General Elections
Develop mechanisms for enforcement of electoral offenses.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Require EC40G (canceled PU data) & results forms to be publicly available.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Operational Efficiency • 2023 General Elections
Develop operational framework for timely opening of PUs and equitable distribution of materials.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Voter Management • 2023 General Elections
Equitably distribute voters among PUs and adjust poll workers based on registration.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Capacity Building / Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Improve recurrent training for poll workers including BVAS usage.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Access • 2023 General Elections
Reduce voter burden in PVC registration & collection through outreach, mobile units, extended timelines.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Register Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Conduct thorough, transparent audit of voter roll; allow independent verification.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Publicize & enforce penalties for electoral offenses, including vote buying.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Finance Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Enforce campaign finance regulations & make party disclosures publicly available online.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Civic Education / Voter Awareness • 2023 General Elections
Expand civic & voter education with civil society to improve electoral understanding.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Transparency / Stakeholder Engagement • 2023 General Elections
Make all INEC decisions publicly available & engage in proactive, transparent communications.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Technology / Contingency Planning • 2023 General Elections
Map polling stations without network connectivity; provide reliable backups; conduct stress tests with stakeholder observation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Vulnerable Groups • 2023 General Elections
Expand IDP voting framework and clarify procedures for different settlements.
INEC, State Governments • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / Gender Inclusion • 2023 General Elections
Enforce gender quotas for INEC appointments; ensure minimum 35% women in senior electoral staff.
INEC, Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
Dedicate resources for assistive materials for PWDs & IDPs; conduct surveys to improve participation of marginalized groups.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Mental Health • 2023 General Elections
Ensure inclusion of voters with mental disabilities in electoral processes.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Party Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Political actors to refrain from misleading/inflammatory narratives; hold members accountable.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Violence Prevention • 2023 General Elections
Hold leaders and supporters accountable for acts of violence and follow legal redress channels.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Gender Representation • 2023 General Elections
Support female candidates with resources, training, internal democratic reforms.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Disability • 2023 General Elections
Institute disability desks & minimum PWD quotas in parties’ candidate structures.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences / Party Conduct • 2023 General Elections
Refrain from vote buying or vote trading in line with the Electoral Act.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Civic Education / Gender • 2023 General Elections
Promote women’s leadership through community education.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Civic Education / Youth Participation • 2023 General Elections
Promote youth political leadership; support aspiring youth candidates.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / Vulnerable Groups • 2023 General Elections
Establish working group to promote IDP participation & collect data.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Electoral Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Support fact‑checking desks & media partnerships to combat rumours.
Media Houses • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Civic Engagement • 2023 General Elections
Support credible human rights & civic engagement on social media platforms during elections.
Social Media Platforms • Updated 2026-02-05
Media / Gender Protection • 2023 General Elections
Ensure accountability for gender‑based violence, online hate speech, and cyberbullying during elections.
Media, Civil Society, Social Media • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Electoral Enforcement • 2023 General Elections
Clarify and enforce security agencies’ authority to halt electoral offences at PUs.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Impose penalties on police officials acting in a partisan way or failing to act against electoral offences.
Police Service Commission • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Legally codify ICCES leadership, composition, replicate at state levels.
Security Agencies, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Electoral Administration • 2023 General Elections
Establish combined call centres for reporting electoral offences.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Media Protection • 2023 General Elections
Protect journalists from attacks and intimidation during elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Violence Prevention • 2023 General Elections
Anticipate & proactively deploy forces to mitigate election violence in high‑risk locations.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Capacity Building • 2023 General Elections
Incentivize professional behaviour in security agencies through training & engagement.
International Community • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration / PU Management • 2023 General Elections
Depopulate overpopulated Polling Units & relocate PUs in private homes or spaces unconducive for PWDs.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Stakeholder Engagement / Electoral Management • 2023 General Elections
Build on INEC’s tradition of stakeholder engagement ahead of elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Develop & deploy mechanisms, including tech, to track vote buying; prosecute offenders & publicly disclose identities.
Security Agencies, Financial Crimes Management, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Capacity Building / Youth Engagement • 2023 General Elections
Incorporate election management training into NYSC orientation & continuous service, with periodic exams.
INEC, NYSC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / PWD Participation • 2023 General Elections
Open INEC portal to collect PWD data in the voter register to enable deployment of relevant assistive materials; support registration through NOA, media, CSOs.
INEC, National Orientation Agency, Media, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Inclusion / PWD Participation • 2023 General Elections
Include PWDs as part of ad‑hoc electoral personnel.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Transparency / Voter Education • 2023 General Elections
Ensure timely state‑level publication of vital election information, such as PVC collection and participation statistics.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Results Management / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should expedite the transparent release of results to the general public to ease tensions and build trust.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Electoral Peace • 2023 General Elections
Political parties & candidates should instruct supporters to exercise restraint and refrain from provocative language.
Political Parties, Candidates • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Rule of Law • 2023 General Elections
Security agencies should continue to professionally discharge their duties with respect for the rule of law.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Dispute Resolution / Peaceful Settlement • 2023 General Elections
Political parties & candidates should settle electoral disputes through peaceful means and dialogue.
Political Parties, Candidates, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Conduct / Civic Responsibility • 2023 General Elections
Citizens/electorate should await the official release of election results.
Electorate, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Management / Lessons Learned • 2023 General Elections
INEC should identify issues from the 25 February election and apply lessons to the 11 March 2023 Governorship & State Assembly elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Logistics / Accreditation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure timely dispatch of election materials to Polling Units so that accreditation starts on time, preventing voter disenfranchisement.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
PWD Inclusion / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
INEC should make provisions at all Polling Units for persons living with disabilities.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / BVAS • 2023 General Elections
INEC should fix all bugs or glitches in BVAS machines and other election technology to reduce technical issues experienced in the 25 February elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Integrity / Staff Accountability • 2023 General Elections
INEC staff (including collation and returning officers) with proven misconduct in the 25 February 2023 election should be excluded from the 11 March elections, with further disciplinary or criminal action as appropriate.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Staff Training • 2023 General Elections
INEC should provide further training of polling staff on BVAS use, including uploading results directly from PUs to its result portal.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
INEC should urgently investigate all election petitions and ensure effective and transparent redress.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
The Inspector-General of Police should review the conduct of police officers during the Presidential and National Assembly elections and discipline officers found complicit in violations.
Nigerian Police • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Law Enforcement • 2023 General Elections
The Inspector-General of Police should ensure the immediate processing of persons arrested during the elections to allow for speedy prosecution.
Nigerian Police • Updated 2026-02-05
Security / Election Readiness • 2023 General Elections
The Inspector-General of Police should ensure timely deployment of police officers for the 11 March 2023 elections.
Nigerian Police • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Voter Education • 2023 General Elections
Political parties should educate their members and supporters to avoid violent conduct, voter intimidation, and actions in violation of the Electoral Act ahead of the 11 March 2023 elections.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Results Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should initiate internal investigations to review the performance of IReV, publish findings publicly, and sanction complicit persons.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Logistics / Accreditation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should investigate reasons for polling units failing to open on time and late arrival of materials to improve future elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Participation / Turnout • 2023 General Elections
INEC should review the duration for voting to provide citizens reasonable time to participate, considering low turnout and delayed logistics.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Results Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should upload results from WARD, LGA, and State collation centers, with specific timelines for transmission at all levels.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Participation / Turnout • 2023 General Elections
INEC should probe low voter turnout and work with stakeholders to address factors undermining legitimacy.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Civic Education / Complaint Redress • 2023 General Elections
INEC should promote public education for political party agents, media, and civil society on complaint procedures and resolution mechanisms during collation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Violence • 2023 General Elections
ECOWAS should develop a framework for promoting electoral peace and security and countering election-related violence, learning from regional experience.
ECOWAS, Regional Bodies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Violence • 2023 General Elections
Strengthen compliance mechanisms of the Peace Accord and sanction perpetrators of electoral violence.
Political Parties, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Gender / Inclusion • 2023 General Elections
Promote deliberate and conscious efforts to improve female representation in governance and politics.
Government, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Accountability • 2023 General Elections
Political parties must address election-related grievances through legal frameworks and avoid acts of violence that escalate insecurity.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Electoral Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Conduct bi-partisan, multi-stakeholder discussions on addressing vote buying, misinformation, and disinformation in elections.
Political Parties, CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Results Transparency • 2023 General Elections
Political parties must strengthen internal vote collation systems to benchmark against INEC’s collation for accountability and transparency.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Policy / Governance • 2023 General Elections
Government should review the impact of major policy initiatives such as the Naira redesign and currency recirculation program deployed in an election year.
Federal Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Judiciary / Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Review the increasing role of the courts in resolving election disputes in the sub-region, which are mostly adversarial.
Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Judiciary / Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2023 General Elections
Adhere to timelines provided in the Electoral Act for resolving election disputes.
Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Post-Election Review • 2023 General Elections
INEC should conduct a thorough post-election review to draw lessons from the 2023 electoral process.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure inclusivity and transparency in post-election reviews, involving political parties, citizen observers, and other stakeholders.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Logistics / Accreditation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should address delays in the opening of polling units, late arrival of election materials, and late deployment of polling officials to improve future elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Participation / Accessibility • 2023 General Elections
INEC should consider mechanisms for advance voting for polling staff, security personnel, and other essential workers to avoid disenfranchisement.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Communication / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve communication in real time during election day to report challenges and updates to stakeholders.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Accreditation • 2023 General Elections
INEC should address BVAS technology challenges, including connectivity issues, speed of fingerprint recognition, and staff training, to ensure smoother accreditation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Logistics / Polling Unit Management • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve lighting and other infrastructure at polling units to ensure proper conduct of the close and count, especially when voting is extended into the night.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Gender / Inclusion • 2023 General Elections
INEC should consider measures to increase women’s participation as candidates in future elections.
INEC, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should encourage mechanisms for citizen and situation room observation (national and local) to enhance transparency and public confidence.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Conduct / Civic Responsibility • 2023 General Elections
All Nigerians, including candidates, should uphold commitments to peace, use legal channels for grievances, and exercise patience in the post-election period.
Political Parties, Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Electoral Institutions • 2023 General Elections
Replace the position of Resident Electoral Commissioners (RECs) with State Directors of Elections appointed as INEC employees under its control.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Electoral Institutions • 2023 General Elections
Implement the Justice Uwais Committee suggestion for the unbundling of INEC to improve efficiency and accountability.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Electoral Institutions • 2023 General Elections
Establish independent legal frameworks for Electoral Offences Commission, Political Parties Registration & Regulation Commission, and constituency delimitation agency.
National Assembly, Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Electoral Institutions • 2023 General Elections
Amend the Constitution to endorse early voting for election day workers, independent candidacy, and diaspora voting.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Election Planning • 2023 General Elections
Enact election legislation amendments well in advance of elections to allow voters, parties, and candidates time to adjust.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Audit • 2023 General Elections
INEC should conduct a post-election audit of polling units where elections did not take place, including reasons for failures.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should conduct a post-election audit to provide public details of the result collation process.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Transparency • 2023 General Elections
INEC should audit the malfunction of the IReV portal and provide explanations to the public.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Oversight / Legislative Role • 2023 General Elections
National Assembly should undertake vigorous pre- and post-election legislative scrutiny of INEC and its implementation of the Electoral Act.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Oversight / INEC Appointments • 2023 General Elections
National Assembly should perform thorough consideration of INEC appointees, investigating complaints against nominees.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Oversight / Logistics • 2023 General Elections
National Assembly should establish an independent readiness assurance investigation to verify INEC preparations before major elections.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Planning • 2023 General Elections
INEC should prioritise thorough planning, full implementation of Strategic Plan, Election Project Plan, and Election Management System.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Logistics • 2023 General Elections
INEC should strengthen procurement, logistics, and operational capacity.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Compliance • 2023 General Elections
INEC should ensure compliance with election procedures and reduce inconsistencies across all levels.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Staff Training • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve staff capacity through robust learning programmes, training, and mock election exercises.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Staff Training • 2023 General Elections
INEC should make training manuals user-friendly and widely available to staff and stakeholders.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Results Management • 2023 General Elections
INEC should establish a robust internal results verification mechanism before official proclamation of winners.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Results Management • 2023 General Elections
INEC should provide clear instructions to Collation and Returning Officers to correct calculation errors and avoid arbitrary handling of results.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Communication • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve crisis communication during elections, providing detailed, regular, and progressive updates.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Database Management • 2023 General Elections
National Population Commission should manage the extraction and updating of the National Voters Register from the population database.
National Population Commission, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Integrity • 2023 General Elections
Implement a monitoring system to ensure integrity of the National Register of Voters.
National Population Commission, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Integrity • 2023 General Elections
INEC should improve the register by systematically removing dead registrants.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Registration Drives • 2023 General Elections
INEC should resume Continuous Voter Registration well ahead of general or off-cycle elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration / Identification • 2023 General Elections
INEC should consider abolishing PVCs and using alternative identification methods (National ID, passport, driver’s license) to reduce election costs.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security & Violence • 2023 General Election
Perpetrators of electoral violence must be prosecuted and convicted; establish Electoral Offences Commission and Electoral Court to ensure speedy justice.
ICCES, Judiciary, Electoral Offences Commission • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Election Security • 2023 General Election
Advocate for passage of the Electoral Offences Commission Act to ensure a dedicated institution can arrest, investigate, and coordinate enforcement of electoral offences.
CSOs, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Election Security • 2023 General Election
Establish a specialized Electoral Court to handle pre- and post-electoral litigations, expedite trials, and allow judicial specialization.
Judiciary, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Civil Society Engagement / Election Security • 2023 General Election
Civil society groups should mount sustained advocacy for the Electoral Offences Commission and Court, sharing best practices from other jurisdictions.
CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security & Prosecution • 2023 General Election
ICCES, in consultation with judiciary, should create SOPs for gathering evidence on electoral offences and train field officers for prosecution before off-cycle elections.
ICCES, Judiciary, CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security Finance & Personnel • 2023 General Election
Electoral security finance requires medium-term planning across all election phases, including personnel and materials, avoiding double budgeting.
ICCES, INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security Finance & Personnel • 2023 General Election
Timely distribution of appropriated funds for electoral security; align welfare of security personnel accordingly.
ICCES, INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security & Training • 2023 General Election
Decentralize training of security officers on electoral matters across local governments; training should be continuous rather than ad-hoc.
ICCES, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security & Training • 2023 General Election
Security agencies should be trained on electoral laws to ensure responsiveness to electoral offences.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Civil Society Engagement / Election Security • 2023 General Election
Electoral interventions by CSOs, diplomatic, and donor agencies should be data-driven and region-specific.
CSOs, Development Partners • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security & Violence • 2023 General Election
Strengthen Police-Community relations to promote peaceful and credible elections through discussion platforms for collaboration.
Police, CSOs, ICCES • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Early Warning System • 2023 General Election
Electoral Institute should review the EVMAT tool to accommodate emerging trends and issues in electoral security.
Electoral Institute, ICCES • Updated 2026-02-05
Civil Society Engagement / Early Warning System • 2023 General Election
Integrate civil society into early warning mechanisms to strengthen linkages with communities.
ICCES, CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Early Warning System • 2023 General Election
Consider early warning assessments from other stakeholders to complement ICCES security assessment.
ICCES • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security / Early Warning System • 2023 General Election
ICCES, through Police, should collaborate with CSOs and communities to respond effectively to early warning signals.
ICCES, Police, CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Party Management / Conflict Resolution • 2023 General Election
Electoral stakeholders should work with political parties to strengthen internal conflict resolution mechanisms to reduce intra-party tensions.
Political Parties, CSOs • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Administration / Transparency • 2023 General Election
INEC should conduct post-election audits of ballots to identify invalid votes and improve voter education interventions.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement • 2023 General Election
Engage Inter-party Advisory Committee and political parties to create or strengthen voter education departments for civic education.
Political Parties, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement • 2023 General Election
Review and expand civic education curricula in schools to include electoral education at high school and tertiary levels.
NERDC, IFES, Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement • 2023 General Election
Inter-agencies Committee on Voter Education should be functional and supported by development partners for effective CVE at local levels.
Inter-agencies CVE Committees, Development Partners • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework / Election Administration • 2023 General Election
Review section 52 (2) of the Electoral Act to improve ballot marking mechanisms (e.g., dedicated pens vs ink thumbprints); CSOs to support advocacy.
Civil Society, INEC, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education / Election Administration • 2023 General Election
INEC should expand mock accreditation exercises to mock elections or voting to educate voters and reduce mistakes.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement • 2023 General Election
CSOs and development partners should collaborate with INEC’s voter education department to conduct pre-election studies on public knowledge of electoral processes.
Civil Society, Development Partners, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement • 2023 General Election
Civic and voter education (CVE) should begin immediately after notice of elections is given to allow longer engagement with voters.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Education & Civic Engagement / Government Support • 2023 General Election
Government should ensure adequate budgetary provisions for NOA to conduct CVE nationwide, complementing INEC’s efforts.
Government, NOA • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should thoroughly investigate allegations of electoral malpractice, misapplication of electoral laws and guidelines, and prosecute staff found complicit to strengthen accountability.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should conduct a comprehensive audit of the Imo governorship election results and publicly release its findings to restore public confidence.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Security agencies should investigate and prosecute cases of complicity, misconduct and unprofessional behaviour by officers during elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The National Assembly should fast-track electoral reforms, particularly the establishment of an Electoral Offences Commission.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should review policies to ensure voters in polling units affected by suspension or cancellation are not disenfranchised.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The Presidency should commit to comprehensive electoral reform, incorporating recommendations from previous reform exercises such as the Uwais Report.
Executive, Presidency • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The National Assembly should consider unbundling INEC to improve institutional efficiency and effectiveness.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The National Assembly should urgently establish an Electoral Offences Commission and Tribunal to deter impunity and enforce election laws.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Political & Campaign Finance • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Campaign finance laws should be revised to improve transparency, accountability and fairness in political financing.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should institutionalise post-election audits to investigate failed polling units, pre-filled result sheets and other irregularities.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should strengthen ward and LGA collation processes, ensure accountability for inaccurate declarations and explore electronic collation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The National Assembly should conduct regular pre- and post-election oversight of INEC’s compliance with electoral laws.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should improve internal coordination, staff communication and compliance with procedures to address operational lapses.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should apply electoral rules uniformly and sanction violations by institutions or individuals to prevent recurrence.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should ensure polling units are accessible to PWDs and provide assistive materials such as braille guides and magnifiers.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Political parties should adopt issue-based, peaceful campaign strategies and refrain from violence, intimidation and vote-buying.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Political parties should respect opponents’ campaign activities and ensure members do not disrupt lawful assemblies.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Allegations of voter intimidation and suppression by security agents and political thugs should be thoroughly investigated.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The Inspector-General of Police should investigate police overreach and hold offending officers and political sponsors accountable.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
CSOs should collaborate to support electoral reforms and advocate for timely amendments to the Electoral Act.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
CSOs should intensify advocacy for improved inclusion of women in the electoral process.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Media • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Media and CSOs should intensify voter education on the dangers of vote trading and electoral accountability.
Media, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political & Campaign Finance • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Law enforcement agencies should deploy targeted strategies and sanctions to curb vote-buying and inducement.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Stakeholders should address drivers of low voter turnout through trust-building, education and outreach initiatives.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should review the electoral framework using lessons from the 2023 off-cycle elections to address systemic weaknesses.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Federal and state governments should safeguard INEC’s independence to restore public confidence in elections.
Executive, Presidency • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should improve logistical planning to address delays caused by late arrival of materials and security escorts.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences & Electoral Dispute Resolution • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
The National Assembly should establish an Electoral Offences Commission to enable INEC focus on election administration.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
INEC should address logistical and technological shortcomings, ensure transparent result transmission and consistent IReV uploads.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Electoral technologies such as BVAS should be fully tested, reliably deployed and supported on election day.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Security deployment should be better coordinated in high-risk areas to protect voters and election officials.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Media • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Stakeholders should proactively counter disinformation and misinformation through coordinated response mechanisms.
INEC, Media, CSOs, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Civic education and voter engagement programmes should be sustained, particularly targeting young and disillusioned voters.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women & Marginalised Groups • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Gender inclusion should be promoted by addressing candidate disparities and protecting women from targeted disinformation.
Political Parties, CSOs, Media • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties & Candidates • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Political parties should strengthen internal democracy through transparent and credible primaries.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political & Campaign Finance • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
Vote-buying and inducement should be aggressively addressed to protect electoral integrity.
INEC, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023
State institutions and officeholders should remain neutral and impartial during elections.
Executive, Presidency • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Take deliberate steps to protect the secrecy of the ballot and enforce its electoral guidelines especially as it relates to the secrecy of the ballot.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Ensure that the BVAS is consistently updated and upgraded to ensure optimal functionality.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
INEC and the State should ensure full accessibility for voters with disabilities by properly training officials, providing necessary assistive tools, and making polling and public facilities disability-friendly.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Ensure timely prosecution of election offenders and strengthen proactive enforcement against voter inducement and vote-buying.
Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Desist from the persistent practice of vote-buying and other actions that undermine the integrity of the electoral process.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Encourage issue-based participation in elections and invest in building political parties that uphold democratic principles and promote electoral integrity
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Commit to gender-inclusive leadership recruitment by ensuring that women are elected into party leadership positions and elected in party primaries in subsequent elections.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Stakeholders such as INEC, NOA, and CSOs should invest in political and voter education to build citizens’ consciousness on the importance of democracy and the value of the vote.
INEC, NOA, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Ensure adequate support and accessibility measures for voters with disabilities to enable them to vote independently.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Stakeholders should implement strategies to address voter apathy and increase citizen participation, particularly among young people.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Collaborate to develop and implement strategies, including reforms, to decisively curb vote trading.
INEC, Political Parties, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Security agencies should take proactive measures to prevent and control vote trading during elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Stakeholders should establish accountability measures for political parties, including clear criteria for candidates to appear on the ballot, to ensure competitive and orderly elections.
INEC, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Proactive and strict measures should be taken to prevent vote-buying and stop the commodification of votes.
INEC, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Perpetrators of electoral malpractice, including vote-buying, should face speedy and transparent prosecution.
Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media and digital rights) • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Media and digital literacy initiatives should be strengthened to counter misinformation and disinformation.
Media, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media and digital rights) • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Fact-checking efforts should be enhanced and coordinated at subnational and national levels to address post-election disinformation.
Media, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Citizens should remain active participants in the democratic process and contribute to the development of Nigeria’s democracy.
Civil Society, Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Ensure voters with disabilities can vote independently by providing necessary assistive devices and training officials to offer effective, non-stigmatizing support.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Intensify efforts in educating the electorate about the electoral process and the importance of voting to address voter apathy.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Work on developing stronger oversight mechanisms to prevent any potential disruptions, ensuring the credibility and transparency of election results in future elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Security agents must be more proactive in preventing electoral malpractices, particularly vote trading.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Security personnel should undergo more comprehensive training on their roles in ensuring electoral laws are followed.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Security agencies should focus on building trust with local communities to enhance collaboration and ensure peaceful elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Political parties should ensure candidates run meaningful campaigns with clear, actionable plans, avoiding cross-carpeting and last-minute endorsements.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Political parties should follow democratic principles and legal requirements in candidate selection, ensuring proper vetting and compliance with electoral guidelines.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Political parties should act transparently and be held accountable, with INEC and stakeholders enforcing stronger regulations to ensure compliance with the Electoral Act on primaries and candidate selection.
INEC, Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Civil society groups should continue advocating for electoral reforms, voter education, and observation to ensure free and fair elections.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Collaborate with INEC and security agencies to enhance electoral transparency and accountability through dialogue, observation, and addressing issues like vote buying and voter intimidation.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Citizens, especially youth, should actively participate in voting to exercise their democratic rights and influence the future of the state and country.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
Citizens should better educate themselves on the impact of their votes, the candidates, and the political processes.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election
The electorate should remain engaged in discussions about governance and election integrity, as this will empower voters to make informed decisions at the polls.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Investigate polling officials and collation officers involved in the violations of the guidelines on results collation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Clarify the inconsistencies in some of the results from the LGAs identified in the observation reports.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Provide update on the number of arrests made during the elections and information on the disciplinary steps taken against its officers who enabled any form of election malpractice or manipulation.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Implement a transparent review process for contested results and ensure detailed, publicly accessible polling unit results are traceable and verifiable against BVAS and IReV data.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
INEC should strengthen logistics by ensuring timely deployment of materials and personnel, conducting risk assessments and contingency planning, and training ad-hoc staff on accurate result collation.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
INEC should Implement technological solutions for real-time tracking of results as they move through collation stages.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Ensure consistency between results uploaded to IREV and those recorded at collation centres, preventing unexplained delays in uploads.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
To ensure assistive materials are available for PWDs, elderly voters, pregnant women, and nursing mothers, INEC should conduct thorough needs assessments ahead of elections.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Explore early voting options for vulnerable groups in remote or difficult-to-reach areas to enhance accessibility.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Amend the Electoral Act to ensure BVAS is the primary tool for voter authentication and accreditation.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Establish IREV as the legal standard for real-time result collation and verification.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Support measures that ensure the neutrality of security forces during elections to prevent intimidation or interference.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Advocate for security presence at collation centers to prevent undue influence on results.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Refrain from engaging in vote-buying and other manipulative practices that erode electoral integrity.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Promote peaceful electioneering and ensure party agents adhere to election guidelines.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Deploy security forces at polling stations and collation centers to ensure election security without bias.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Maintain publicly available contact details for security officers to allow concerns about misconduct to be reported and addressed.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Strictly enforce laws against vote-buying, ensuring that violators face immediate and well-publicized consequences.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Work closely with INEC to prosecute electoral offenses such as result manipulation and intimidation.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Continue to implement voter education campaigns to emphasize the importance of electoral participation.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Work with communities to reduce voter apathy by highlighting the impact of voting.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Strengthen independent observation efforts at all stages of the electoral process to enhance transparency.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Advocate for judicial reforms to prioritize BVAS data in election dispute resolutions.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Engage in elections by registering to vote and turning out on election day to make their voices heard.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Report incidents of vote-buying, manipulation, or security misconduct to relevant authorities.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Hold elected officials and institutions accountable for electoral promises and governance.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • Edo State 2023 Governorship Election
Support advocacy efforts aimed at improving Nigeria’s electoral process.
Citizens • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Address persistent late opening of polls by improving logistics and oversight of transport providers engaged for election duties.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Sustain and institutionalise the efficient, transparent, and drama-free results collation process observed during the election.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Ensure the consistent availability of assistive materials, including braille ballot guides and magnifying glasses, in all polling units to support voters with disabilities.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Security agencies should move beyond passive presence and take decisive action against vote buying and vote selling during elections.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Authorities should critically review the escalating deployment of security personnel in off-cycle elections, particularly in light of personnel welfare concerns.
Security Agencies, Government Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Relevant authorities and stakeholders should demonstrate genuine commitment to addressing the entrenched problem of vote buying and vote selling in Nigerian elections.
INEC, Security Agencies, Political Parties, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Electoral reforms should introduce strict eligibility criteria for political parties to appear on the ballot to promote competitive electioneering.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Conduct a comprehensive review of political party performance since the 2023 general elections and strengthen accountability mechanisms ahead of 2027.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Electoral reforms should criminalise the abuse of state power and resources by incumbents to ensure a level playing field for all candidates.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Stakeholders should intensify efforts to address voter apathy through sustained civic education, voter mobilisation, and public enlightenment initiatives.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Address persistent logistical bottlenecks to ensure polling units are fully operational at the official start time.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Refrain from vote-buying and the commercialization of elections, and instead adopt practices that build trust in the electoral process.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Stakeholders should initiate a national conversation and develop strategies to address low voter turnout, especially among youth, to strengthen democratic legitimacy.
INEC, Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Electoral reforms should strengthen INEC’s operational capacity through timely funding, decentralised planning, consistent communication, real-time result publication, early voting for essential personnel, and comprehensive staff training.
National Assembly, INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Political parties should focus on voter education and issue-based campaigns while upholding internal democracy and transparent campaign financing.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
The government at all levels should build a sustainable, year-round security architecture that addresses root causes of insecurity and protects elections without excessive, resource-draining deployments.
Government, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Discourage vote trading through deliberate efforts to deliver good governance while promoting civic education across all strata of society to discourage transactional politics.
NOA • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Ongoing reforms of the electoral act must take into consideration the need to arrest and prosecute electoral offenders.
Security Agencies, Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including social media and digital rights) • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Media, security agencies and civil society organisations, must collaborate to identify and debunk disinformation during elections.
Media, Civil Society, Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Promote inclusion through collaboration with relevant organisations on training personnel and the provision of voting aid materials for marginalised groups.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Improve adherence of its officials to laid down electoral laws, regulations, guidelines, processes, and procedures based on the lessons learned from past elections, especially the 2021 governorship election and the 2023 general election.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Ensure early and adequate training of all categories of ad hoc staff, especially on election technology and results management processes.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Hold confidence-building dialogues and engagements with different sections of the public in Anambra State to promote openness and transparency of the electoral process.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Leverage its relationship with the security agencies through the platform of the InterAgency Committee on Election Security (ICCES) to be able to track electoral violence and identify the perpetrators of violence, to arrest and prosecute them.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Strengthen its oversight of the behaviour of political parties in the lead-up to and during elections – strictly enforcing political party regulations and guidelines, and code of conduct for political parties.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Facilitate high-level peace dialogue that would bring together prominent citizens of the State across the three Senatorial Districts to promote a shared understanding of the need for peaceful elections, including promoting a Peace Accord.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parties and Candidates • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Political parties and their candidates should conduct themselves in an orderly and peaceful manner, and rein in their supporters about democratic conduct, including non-violent conduct and adherence to electoral rules.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Improve security arrangements by identifying and sanctioning individuals and groups using inflammatory rhetoric, inciting violence, or plotting to perpetrate it.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Incorporate within the security arrangement for the Anambra State governorship election, the need to block the inflow of armed non-state actors from neighbouring states and to curb the activities of those within the State.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Strengthen inter-agency cooperation and provide election security in a non-partisan and wholesome manner.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Work in synergy with INEC to ensure adequate and even deployment of security personnel across polling units and other electoral sites, as well as between urban and rural areas
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Work with INEC and other relevant agencies to strengthen civic and voter education across the state to improve voter awareness about peaceful conduct during elections, the need to eschew vote buying and selling, and the civic importance of voting and mandate protection.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Ensure adequate mobilization of election observers by improving their training and ensuring balanced deployment across the State.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election
Work closely with the Police Service Commission to monitor the conduct of security personnel during the election.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
INEC’s appointment of the Chairman, National Commissioners, and State Resident Electoral Commissioners should be merit-based and conducted through a participatory selection process in line with Sections 153 and 154 of the 1999 Constitution.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Nominees must not have held partisan political office or being members of any political party, at least 10 years prior to nomination as Chair or National and Resident Electoral Commissioners (RECs).
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • 2027 General Elections
Public asset and interest disclosure of ties to politically exposed persons (PEPs).
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Nominees for INEC Chair should possess a minimum of 15 years’ relevant professional experience, while nominees for National and Resident Electoral Commissioners should have at least 10 years’ relevant experience in related fields.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
There should be Open Senate confirmation hearings with live broadcast, a 14 day petition window and written reasons for decisions.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Adopt a process of screening INEC nominees that will guarantee the neutrality and competence of the officials.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Issue guidelines for submitting petitions against nominations of INEC officials to promote effective public participation.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Thoroughly and satisfactorily consider and investigate petitions or complaints against nominees for positions in INEC.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Subject nominees for positions in INEC to rigorous public scrutiny before confirming their nominations.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
All constitutional and Electoral Act amendments or reforms will need to be completed at least 12 months before polling day.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology / Political and Campaign Finance • 2027 General Elections
Close extant gaps on results transmission, campaign finance ceilings and disclosure, electoral technology accreditation, etc.
INEC, National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2027 General Elections
National Assembly to institute post-election independent performance audits within two weeks of every general election.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to issue Guidelines and an e-portal for complaints against officials, with status-tracking for petitioners.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2027 General Elections
There should be Annual Joint Oversight Hearings of INEC, Police, all security services, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, and other relevant stakeholders, on election readiness.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2027 General Elections
Mandatory digital upload of Polling Unit results to the IReV portal within two hours of declaration at the Polling Unit.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Results Management • 2027 General Elections
There should be ninterrupted public livestream of collation at RA, LGA, State and National levels.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Legal protection for accredited observers and party agents to record and broadcast proceedings.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Statutory 24-hour collation-pause clause where violence, intimidation or systemic device failure is certified by INEC.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2027 General Elections
Integrated Election Security Framework (IESF) led by the Inspector General of Police and published six months before the polls.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2027 General Elections
Pre-deployment briefing emphasising human-rights-based policing, signed Rules of Engagement and individual body-cam use where available.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2027 General Elections
Real-time citizen hotline and incident-mapping dashboard shared with CSOs and the media.
Security Agencies • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2027 General Elections
Enactment and operationalisation of the Electoral Offences Commission Act by December 2025.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2027 General Elections
Dedicated Special Electoral Offences Courts with 180-day trial completion target.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Offences and Electoral Dispute Resolution • 2027 General Elections
Public quarterly scorecard of arrests, prosecutions and convictions, disaggregated by offence type, location, sex and party affiliation.
INEC, Police • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
Comply strictly with provisions of the electoral laws and regulations in handling pre-election cases and election petitions.
Judiciary • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill mandating the resolution of pre-election disputes well before Election Day, to ensure timely justice and certainty of candidates.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill mandating the resolution of election petitions before the swearing-in of elected officials, to strengthen the legitimacy of the electoral mandate.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2027 General Elections
Civil society organizations and media organizations should monitor and observe the handling of election petitions by courts and report on the credibility of the process.
Civil Society, Media • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parites and Candidates • 2027 General Elections
Internal party primaries should be broadcast live, with certified participant party membership or delegates register published 48 hours prior.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • 2027 General Elections
Parties to submit detailed campaign finance pre-budget and realtime expense dashboard capped at statutory limits
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Political Parites and Candidates • 2027 General Elections
Parties and candidates to sign a Peace & Issue-Based Campaign Accord monitored by the National Peace Committee.
Political Parties • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including Social Media and Digital Rights) • 2027 General Elections
INEC, National Broadcasting Commission and the National Communications Commission, to deploy a Joint Monitoring Hub tracking media airtime, hate speech, offline & online abuse of state resources.
INEC, NCC • Updated 2026-02-05
Political and Campaign Finance • 2027 General Elections
Impose graduated sanctions, including fines, equal-time remedies and disqualification for egregious violations.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including Social Media and Digital Rights) • 2027 General Elections
Guarantee opposition access to public venues and state-owned media on a non-discriminatory basis.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2027 General Elections
CSOs to follow the Situation Room Code of Conduct for Observers — covering impartiality, data protection and timely reporting.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Observation • 2027 General Elections
Government to guarantee visa-free entry and protection of accredited regional/international observers.
Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Security • 2027 General Elections
Establish a Civil Society Protection Hotline with rapid response by security agencies.
Civil Society • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated Political Parties and Campaign Finance Commission.
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated Electoral Offences Commission
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Legal Framework • 2027 General Elections
The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated National Elections Logistics Agency
National Assembly • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
Complete institutional transition plan by June 2026.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
Federal government should approve and release adequate funds to INEC to enable the Commission to embark on early preparation for elections.
Federal Government • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
INEC should commence the procurement and distribution of electoral materials early enough to avoid a last-minute rush.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
INEC should ensure timely opening of polling units and commencement of voting across the country.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
Activate the newly created polling units to reduce overcrowding at polling units and improve access to polling units.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • 2027 General Elections
Ensure that polling units are more accessible for People with Disability.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
Relocate polling units in inappropriate locations such as those situated within private residences, political parties’ offices, markets, and those that do not provide adequate latitude for secrecy of vote to more appropriate locations.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to revamp INEC Electoral Institute curriculum; make micro-learning modules and manuals open access.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2027 General Elections
Deploy a minimum 1 RATECH per 4 PUs, trained on biometric device maintenance, cyber-hygiene and data privacy.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
Mandatory code-signed oath for adhoc staff with sanctions for breach.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to resume the continuous voter registration early enough to register those that turned 18 years since the last registration, those who have not registered before, and to attend to request for transfer and update of registration data.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to establish sufficient registration centers across the country to make it easier for eligible voters to register.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
Ensure that voter registration equipment, such as biometric capture machines, function optimally to reduce delays and errors in the registration process.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Participation of PWDs, Women and Marginalised Groups • 2027 General Elections
Adopt measures to ensure that eligible voters who are amputees and those affected by leprosy can register as voters and vote.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
Improve the system of issuing citizens with Permanent Voter Cards (or any other valid means of identification during voter accreditation) after registration.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to conduct a thorough audit of the voter register to remove multiple registrations, deceased, and under-aged voters.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2027 General Elections
Procure and distribute a sufficient number of functional electronic accreditation devices to ensure that faulty devices are quickly replaced if they cannot be repaired.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2027 General Elections
Recruit, train, and mobilize a sufficient number of Registration Area Technical Assistants (RATECHs) to deal with complaints of malfunctioning devices on election day.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
Ensure that the Voter Register is displayed in a manner that gives access to persons with mobility challenges on election day.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
INEC and NOA to run a 24-month integrated civic education plan using local languages, sign language and community radio.
INEC, NOA • Updated 2026-02-05
Voter Registration • 2027 General Elections
Leverage youth influencers, schools and faithbased networks; address gender equality, PWD and anti-disinformation themes.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Electoral Administration • 2027 General Elections
INEC to maintain 24/7 Election Information Centre with daily situation briefs during critical phases.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Election Technology • 2027 General Elections
Publish datasets (turnout, PU-level results, logistics deployment) in machine-readable formats (CSV/JSON) under open licence.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05
Media (Including Social Media and Digital Rights) • 2027 General Elections
Collaborate with factchecking coalitions and socialmedia platforms to flag, contextualise or remove election related disinformation consistent with human-rights standards.
INEC • Updated 2026-02-05