Recommendations

Revise INEC communication policy and train staff to engage in proactive, timely communication with voters, especially during operational challenges and technical disruptions.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD)

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should stablish and maintain a dedicated, real‑time communication channel for election‑day updates, including postponements, reassigned polling units and logistical delays.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Publicly provide a detailed explanation of the IReV malfunction, disclose findings of any investigations and ensure accountability for any proven sabotage or negligence.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Conduct comprehensive stress testing and system audits of IReV ahead of future elections to prevent technical failures.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Law enforcement and prosecutorial authorities should investigate election‑day violence and vote buying and ensure convictions where offences are proven.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Police, EFCC, ICPC, Ministry of Justice • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC and the judiciary should strengthen institutional collaboration for timely adjudication of electoral disputes.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC, Judiciary • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct rigorous background checks on permanent and ad‑hoc election staff and facilitate prosecution of officials implicated in fraud.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Political parties should enforce compliance with National Peace Accord by preventing violence by party agents.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Political Parties • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Social media platforms should strengthen rapid‑response mechanisms to address election misinformation.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Social Media Companies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Security agencies deployed for elections should maintain neutrality and professionalism.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Security Agencies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct an independent, transparent post‑election performance review of the 2023 election.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should update voter register by removing deceased and ineligible voters before each election.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should strengthen recruitment and training of ad‑hoc staff on election technology.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Clarify constitutional provisions relating to presidential election victory thresholds.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • National Assembly, Judiciary • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Security agencies and government should provide stronger logistical and financial support to INEC.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Security Agencies, Executive • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should ensure institutions like NYSC and ASUU implement robust training aligned with election operational standards.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • INEC, NYSC, ASUU • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

An independent post‑election review committee with civil society and legal experts should be constituted.

2023 General Elections; PRESIDENTIAL • Civil Society, Legal Bodies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

The National Assembly should establish an Electoral Offences Commission.

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • National Assembly • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

National Assembly should establish a Political Parties Regulatory Commission.

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • National Assembly • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Strengthen INEC independence, particularly appointments and operational support.

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • National Assembly, Executive • Source: CDD

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Strengthen autonomy and effectiveness of democracy‑support institutions (ICPC, EFCC, NHRC).

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • National Assembly, Executive • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Federal government should establish a National Cohesion Commission to reduce election tensions.

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • Executive, National Assembly • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Constitute an independent electoral reform committee.

2023 General Election; GUBERNATORIAL • Executive, National Assembly • Source: CDD

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Federal & state governments should prevent use of state resources to advantage parties.

2023 General Elections • Federal & State Governments • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Federal & state governments should guarantee safe, enabling environment for media and CSOs.

2023 General Elections • Federal & State Governments • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should demonstrate independence by effective deployment and functionality of election technologies (BVAS, IReV).

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should enforce Section 95 (1–2) to curb hate speech during campaigns.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Religious leaders should refrain from campaigning in places of worship.

2023 General Elections • Religious Institutions • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should decentralise the Inter‑Agency Consultative Committee on Election Security (ICCES).

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should ensure timely and adequate electoral information to media, civil society and public.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should prevent logistical failures by ensuring timely deployment and protection of materials.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should collaborate with security & private providers to deliver Hostile Environment Awareness Training (HEAT).

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should intensify efforts to ensure PVC collection ahead of elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Security agencies should strengthen election security through capacity building.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Security agencies should conduct timely threat assessments and joint operations.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Security agencies should proactively prevent mobilisation of political thugs and violent groups.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Security agencies should deploy non‑kinetic strategies to counter disinformation and violent mobilisation.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Security agencies should act professionally and transparently with equal protection for all.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Security agencies should collaborate with community‑based security outfits on early warning.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, Community Groups • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Political parties and candidates should comply with peace accords and refrain from violence.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties should ensure party agents are trained on electoral procedures and held accountable.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Media organisations should comply with the Electoral Act by rejecting content that promotes hate or violence.

2023 General Elections • Media Organisations • Source: CLEEN Foundation

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should collaborate with security agencies to strengthen security assessments of volatile areas.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: Community Links and Human Empowerment Initiative (CLHEI)

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should enhance training for election security personnel and deploy standby units to prevent intimidation.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: CLHEI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should thoroughly test election technologies and conduct refresher training for staff on BVAS.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLHEI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should expand arrangements for IDP voting centres near camps.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLHEI

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct extensive training for its personnel and strengthen electoral logistics.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLHEI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should secure increased & timely funding to enable observation coverage.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Federal Government • Source: CLHEI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should strengthen its PVC distribution process by addressing administrative lapses.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: Community Life Project (CLP)/Joint Development and Peace Centre (JDPC)

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should reduce late deployment of polling officials & materials.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should ensure all PUs are supplied with complete election materials.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should improve polling unit layout and crowd control to guarantee ballot secrecy.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Security agencies should be better prepared to prevent voter intimidation and election‑day violence.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should ensure strict compliance with result management guidelines.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should ensure real‑time electronic transmission of all election results to the IReV portal.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should conduct post‑election reforms to address failures in result transmission.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should improve voting accessibility for PWDs.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CLP/JDPC

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

RECs should be appointed based on merit ensuring experienced, apolitical commissioners.

2023 General Elections • INEC, National Assembly • Source: Connected Development (CODE)

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should simplify voter registration with a one‑step process.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Election sequencing should be consolidated to reduce cost and voter fatigue.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Voting hours should be extended to at least 8 hours.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should provide transparency on procurement, operations, and functionality of election technology.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Early voting should be allowed for election workers.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should sensitise citizens early about new polling units.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

ICCES should map polling units prone to violence and provide trained armed security.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Conduct a full audit and update of the voter register to remove duplicates, underage voters, etc.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Enforce sanctions on electoral offenders including INEC staff and security personnel.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Scale up voter education campaigns covering voting processes, electoral laws, dangers of vote buying.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Political Parties, Civil Society • Source: CODE

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should start early distribution of observer identity cards and kits.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: CODE

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Conduct a comprehensive multi‑stakeholder independent audit/review of the 2023 general elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Civil Society, Development Partners • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Investigate and prosecute electoral offenders, particularly collating and returning officers involved in results manipulation; provide regular public updates on prosecutions.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Judiciary, Security Agencies • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should improve proactive communication, adopt timely disclosure and strategic engagement with the public to rebuild trust.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Review the appointment process into INEC; Amend the constitution per Uwais Committee recommendations.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Executive • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Professionalise INEC appointments by considering skills, qualifications, age, health, gender, and non‑partisanship.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Integrate public participation in INEC appointments, allow scrutiny of nominees before Senate confirmation.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Unbundle INEC (Political Party Registration & Regulatory Commission and Electoral Offences Commission).

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Enforce mandatory training and use of technology for all permanent and ad‑hoc INEC staff.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Reduce over‑dependence on third‑party vendors and logistics providers by building internal capacity.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Fix ambiguities in results management; Review Electoral Act to clarify collation and transmission.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Align reconfiguration of technological devices with election dates and allow stakeholder observation.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Issue additional guidelines to strengthen legal framework, e.g., results under duress.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Audit the voter register to remove duplicates and ineligible voters; ensure public scrutiny.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Civil Society • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Generate the voter register from NIMC civil registry.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC, NIMC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Review requirement for voter identification; adopt alternative IDs with BVAS.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Allow early voting for election workers including INEC staff, observers, security.

2023 General Elections • INEC, National Assembly • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Amend constitution and Electoral Act to enable diaspora voting.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Revisit voter allocation to polling units: audit, redistribute and communicate.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Introduce legal timelines for testing and mock exercises of electoral technologies.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Make electronic transmission of results compulsory, including PU‑level uploads.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Limit excesses of incumbents by restraining use of state institutions to intimidate opponents.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, Executive • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Neutralise pre‑election threats: Security agencies address early warning signs.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Reform party primaries to eliminate barriers against women, youth, and PWD candidates.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Promote issue‑based politics: debates, townhalls, candidate meetings.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Media • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Integrate governance accountability in voter education; sustained participation post‑election.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society, Media, INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Boost voter turnout: Promote culture of voting and citizen engagement.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society, Media • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Curb vote trading: Citizens resist tactics by politicians.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society, Media, Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Remove ambiguities in electoral law and regulations to prevent conflicting interpretations.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Judiciary • Source: European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM)

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure inclusive consultation and timely publication of all election laws and guidelines.

2023 General Elections • INEC, National Assembly • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Establish accountable selection process for INEC Commissioners and RECs with merit‑based criteria.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Executive • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Enhance capacity of electoral staff through revised procedures and targeted training.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Mandate legal disclosure of election technology test and audit results, including protocols, procurement specs.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Establish a robust, transparent, verifiable results processing system with real‑time uploading of PU results.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Allow citizens who turn 18 ahead of elections to register during previous period.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Conduct timely independent external audit of the voter register, including biometric checks.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Remove unreasonable restrictions on right to stand by curbing excessive fees in party primaries.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Political Parties • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Strengthen campaign regulation enforcement with an effective monitoring & sanction mechanism.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Introduce mandatory dedicated bank accounts for parties and candidates with clear reporting rules.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Political Parties • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Provide adequate protection for freedom of expression by enabling prompt investigation and prosecution of attacks against media practitioners.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure independence of the National Broadcasting Commission through transparent selection and accountability mechanisms.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Transform federal government media (NTA, FRCN) into independent public broadcasters with editorial & financial autonomy.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Executive • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Amend restrictive legislative provisions (e.g., Cybercrimes Act, Official Secrets Act) to align with international freedom of expression standards.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Adopt inclusive legislative/regulatory measures to protect voters’ independent opinions and reduce harmful content without undermining free expression.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Civil Society • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Implement affirmative action measures to increase women’s representation in political parties & elected offices.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Political Parties • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure genuine voting opportunities for PWDs & other vulnerable groups.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Issue clear operational framework for IDPs to exercise voting rights with targeted voter education.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Guarantee legal access for observers and media to all election stages, with sanctions for obstruction.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Change legal timelines to ensure pre‑election disputes are resolved well in advance and published timely.

2023 General Elections • Judiciary, National Assembly • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Address impunity for electoral offences by strengthening inter‑agency coordination and publishing consolidated outcomes.

2023 General Elections • Judiciary, Security Agencies • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure immediate access to key electoral information with legal sanction for non‑compliance.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: EU EOM

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Prosecute all electoral offenders to uphold the Electoral Act 2022.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Judiciary, Security Agencies • Source: The International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Train and retrain electoral officers and ad‑hoc staff on electoral technologies and contemporary electoral practices.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: (FIDA) Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Engage in high‑level dialogues with traditional, religious, and community leaders to encourage broader citizen participation, especially female voters.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Clean up the voters’ register to ensure accurate data and reflect actual eligible voters.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Extend election timeframe (e.g., 8:30 am to 5 pm) to improve participation, particularly of women.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Arrest and investigate all individuals involved in electoral crimes, in line with the Electoral Act.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure impartiality and neutrality of security agents during elections.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Politicians and parties should maintain peace, be magnanimous in victory, and collaborate with all citizens to improve governance.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Candidates • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Media should desist from sensationalism and hate speech to prevent tensions before, during, and after elections.

2023 General Elections • Media Houses • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Media should verify and fact‑check all information before publication to ensure accuracy.

2023 General Elections • Media Houses • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Media should remain professional, neutral, and non‑partisan in discharging duties.

2023 General Elections • Media Houses • Source: FIDA Nigeria

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Decongest overpopulated polling units to enable priority voting for PWDs.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Inclusive Friends Association (IFA)

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Provide ramps and handrails inside and outside polling units to ensure barrier‑free access for PWDs.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Federal & State Governments • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure timely deployment of PWD assistive materials (Braille ballot guides, EC30E forms, magnifying glasses).

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Strengthen training of regular and ad‑hoc staff to administer assistive Election Day materials for PWDs.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure voting cubicles and ballot boxes allow PWDs to cast ballots confidentially and independently.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Continue engagement & consultation with the disability community to identify areas for improving inclusive electoral processes.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Develop special protocols for protection of voters and observers with disabilities, and ensure personnel are trained to implement them.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Police, Security Agencies • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Work with agencies and private sector to ensure public buildings accommodate PWDs for elections and daily life.

2023 General Elections • Federal & State Governments • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Declare a state of emergency on electoral offenders and ensure full prosecution as deterrent.

2023 General Elections • Executive (Federal & State) • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Strengthen building codes and enforce accessibility standards for PWDs during and beyond elections.

2023 General Elections • Executive (Federal & State) • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure legislative oversight of INEC and effective implementation of the Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities Act, 2018.

2023 General Elections • National & State Assemblies • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Develop special protocols for protection of voters and observers with disabilities, and ensure personnel are trained to implement them.

2023 General Elections • Police & Security Agencies • Source: IFA

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Conduct voter education that complements efforts of PWD organisations and promotes political participation of PWDs.

2023 General Elections • Media, Civil Society Organisations • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Include disability inclusion in broadcast & news production, e.g. sign language interpretation.

2023 General Elections • Media Houses • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure civil society organisations include PWDs in election activities as advisors or participants.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society, Election‑Focused Organisations • Source: IFA

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Conduct an independent, citizen‑led review of the 2023 elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure all presidential election results images are uploaded to IReV & provide machine‑analysable PU‑level results.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Publish list of canceled polling units, reasons and PVCs collected.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Prosecute electoral offenders responsible for violence or manipulation.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Police, Courts • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Sanction & publicly name government/party officials who encouraged or tolerated electoral violence.

2023 General Elections • International Community • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Prioritize gender quota legislation to increase women’s representation in elected offices.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Update Electoral Act 2022 to support absentee voting including observers, poll officials, security personnel.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Develop mechanisms for enforcement of electoral offenses.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Require EC40G (canceled PU data) & results forms to be publicly available.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Develop operational framework for timely opening of PUs and equitable distribution of materials.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Equitably distribute voters among PUs and adjust poll workers based on registration.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Improve recurrent training for poll workers including BVAS usage.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Reduce voter burden in PVC registration & collection through outreach, mobile units, extended timelines.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Conduct thorough, transparent audit of voter roll; allow independent verification.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Publicize & enforce penalties for electoral offenses, including vote buying.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Enforce campaign finance regulations & make party disclosures publicly available online.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Expand civic & voter education with civil society to improve electoral understanding.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Civil Society • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Make all INEC decisions publicly available & engage in proactive, transparent communications.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Map polling stations without network connectivity; provide reliable backups; conduct stress tests with stakeholder observation.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Expand IDP voting framework and clarify procedures for different settlements.

2023 General Elections • INEC, State Governments • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Enforce gender quotas for INEC appointments; ensure minimum 35% women in senior electoral staff.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Government • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Dedicate resources for assistive materials for PWDs & IDPs; conduct surveys to improve participation of marginalized groups.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure inclusion of voters with mental disabilities in electoral processes.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Civil Society • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political actors to refrain from misleading/inflammatory narratives; hold members accountable.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Hold leaders and supporters accountable for acts of violence and follow legal redress channels.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Support female candidates with resources, training, internal democratic reforms.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Institute disability desks & minimum PWD quotas in parties’ candidate structures.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Refrain from vote buying or vote trading in line with the Electoral Act.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Promote women’s leadership through community education.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Promote youth political leadership; support aspiring youth candidates.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Establish working group to promote IDP participation & collect data.

2023 General Elections • Civil Society • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Support fact‑checking desks & media partnerships to combat rumours.

2023 General Elections • Media Houses • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Support credible human rights & civic engagement on social media platforms during elections.

2023 General Elections • Social Media Platforms • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure accountability for gender‑based violence, online hate speech, and cyberbullying during elections.

2023 General Elections • Media, Civil Society, Social Media • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Clarify and enforce security agencies’ authority to halt electoral offences at PUs.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Impose penalties on police officials acting in a partisan way or failing to act against electoral offences.

2023 General Elections • Police Service Commission • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Legally codify ICCES leadership, composition, replicate at state levels.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, INEC • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Establish combined call centres for reporting electoral offences.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Protect journalists from attacks and intimidation during elections.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Anticipate & proactively deploy forces to mitigate election violence in high‑risk locations.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 4 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Incentivize professional behaviour in security agencies through training & engagement.

2023 General Elections • International Community • Source: IRI/NDI

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Depopulate overpopulated Polling Units & relocate PUs in private homes or spaces unconducive for PWDs.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Build on INEC’s tradition of stakeholder engagement ahead of elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Develop & deploy mechanisms, including tech, to track vote buying; prosecute offenders & publicly disclose identities.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies, Financial Crimes Management, Judiciary • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Incorporate election management training into NYSC orientation & continuous service, with periodic exams.

2023 General Elections • INEC, NYSC • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Open INEC portal to collect PWD data in the voter register to enable deployment of relevant assistive materials; support registration through NOA, media, CSOs.

2023 General Elections • INEC, National Orientation Agency, Media, Civil Society • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Include PWDs as part of ad‑hoc electoral personnel.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure timely state‑level publication of vital election information, such as PVC collection and participation statistics.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: JDPMC

Frequency: 3 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should expedite the transparent release of results to the general public to ease tensions and build trust.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: AU/ECOWAS Joint Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties & candidates should instruct supporters to exercise restraint and refrain from provocative language.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Candidates • Source: AU/ECOWAS Joint Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Security agencies should continue to professionally discharge their duties with respect for the rule of law.

2023 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: AU/ECOWAS Joint Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties & candidates should settle electoral disputes through peaceful means and dialogue.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Candidates, Judiciary • Source: AU/ECOWAS Joint Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Citizens/electorate should await the official release of election results.

2023 General Elections • Electorate, Civil Society • Source: AU/ECOWAS Joint Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should identify issues from the 25 February election and apply lessons to the 11 March 2023 Governorship & State Assembly elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should ensure timely dispatch of election materials to Polling Units so that accreditation starts on time, preventing voter disenfranchisement.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should make provisions at all Polling Units for persons living with disabilities.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should fix all bugs or glitches in BVAS machines and other election technology to reduce technical issues experienced in the 25 February elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC staff (including collation and returning officers) with proven misconduct in the 25 February 2023 election should be excluded from the 11 March elections, with further disciplinary or criminal action as appropriate.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should provide further training of polling staff on BVAS use, including uploading results directly from PUs to its result portal.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should urgently investigate all election petitions and ensure effective and transparent redress.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

The Inspector-General of Police should review the conduct of police officers during the Presidential and National Assembly elections and discipline officers found complicit in violations.

2023 General Elections • Nigerian Police • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

The Inspector-General of Police should ensure the immediate processing of persons arrested during the elections to allow for speedy prosecution.

2023 General Elections • Nigerian Police • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

The Inspector-General of Police should ensure timely deployment of police officers for the 11 March 2023 elections.

2023 General Elections • Nigerian Police • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties should educate their members and supporters to avoid violent conduct, voter intimidation, and actions in violation of the Electoral Act ahead of the 11 March 2023 elections.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: Nigerian Bar Association

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should initiate internal investigations to review the performance of IReV, publish findings publicly, and sanction complicit persons.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should investigate reasons for polling units failing to open on time and late arrival of materials to improve future elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should review the duration for voting to provide citizens reasonable time to participate, considering low turnout and delayed logistics.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should upload results from WARD, LGA, and State collation centers, with specific timelines for transmission at all levels.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should probe low voter turnout and work with stakeholders to address factors undermining legitimacy.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should promote public education for political party agents, media, and civil society on complaint procedures and resolution mechanisms during collation.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

ECOWAS should develop a framework for promoting electoral peace and security and countering election-related violence, learning from regional experience.

2023 General Elections • ECOWAS, Regional Bodies • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Strengthen compliance mechanisms of the Peace Accord and sanction perpetrators of electoral violence.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Security Agencies • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Promote deliberate and conscious efforts to improve female representation in governance and politics.

2023 General Elections • Government, Political Parties • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties must address election-related grievances through legal frameworks and avoid acts of violence that escalate insecurity.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Conduct bi-partisan, multi-stakeholder discussions on addressing vote buying, misinformation, and disinformation in elections.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, CSOs • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties must strengthen internal vote collation systems to benchmark against INEC’s collation for accountability and transparency.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Government should review the impact of major policy initiatives such as the Naira redesign and currency recirculation program deployed in an election year.

2023 General Elections • Federal Government • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Review the increasing role of the courts in resolving election disputes in the sub-region, which are mostly adversarial.

2023 General Elections • Judiciary • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Adhere to timelines provided in the Electoral Act for resolving election disputes.

2023 General Elections • Judiciary • Source: WADEMOS

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct a thorough post-election review to draw lessons from the 2023 electoral process.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should ensure inclusivity and transparency in post-election reviews, involving political parties, citizen observers, and other stakeholders.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should address delays in the opening of polling units, late arrival of election materials, and late deployment of polling officials to improve future elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should consider mechanisms for advance voting for polling staff, security personnel, and other essential workers to avoid disenfranchisement.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should improve communication in real time during election day to report challenges and updates to stakeholders.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should address BVAS technology challenges, including connectivity issues, speed of fingerprint recognition, and staff training, to ensure smoother accreditation.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should improve lighting and other infrastructure at polling units to ensure proper conduct of the close and count, especially when voting is extended into the night.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should consider measures to increase women’s participation as candidates in future elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Political Parties • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should encourage mechanisms for citizen and situation room observation (national and local) to enhance transparency and public confidence.

2023 General Elections • INEC, Civil Society • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

All Nigerians, including candidates, should uphold commitments to peace, use legal channels for grievances, and exercise patience in the post-election period.

2023 General Elections • Political Parties, Citizens • Source: Commonwealth Interim Statement

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Replace the position of Resident Electoral Commissioners (RECs) with State Directors of Elections appointed as INEC employees under its control.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Implement the Justice Uwais Committee suggestion for the unbundling of INEC to improve efficiency and accountability.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Establish independent legal frameworks for Electoral Offences Commission, Political Parties Registration & Regulation Commission, and constituency delimitation agency.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly, Government • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Amend the Constitution to endorse early voting for election day workers, independent candidacy, and diaspora voting.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Enact election legislation amendments well in advance of elections to allow voters, parties, and candidates time to adjust.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct a post-election audit of polling units where elections did not take place, including reasons for failures.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct a post-election audit to provide public details of the result collation process.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should audit the malfunction of the IReV portal and provide explanations to the public.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

National Assembly should undertake vigorous pre- and post-election legislative scrutiny of INEC and its implementation of the Electoral Act.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

National Assembly should perform thorough consideration of INEC appointees, investigating complaints against nominees.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

National Assembly should establish an independent readiness assurance investigation to verify INEC preparations before major elections.

2023 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should prioritise thorough planning, full implementation of Strategic Plan, Election Project Plan, and Election Management System.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should strengthen procurement, logistics, and operational capacity.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should ensure compliance with election procedures and reduce inconsistencies across all levels.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should improve staff capacity through robust learning programmes, training, and mock election exercises.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should make training manuals user-friendly and widely available to staff and stakeholders.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should establish a robust internal results verification mechanism before official proclamation of winners.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should provide clear instructions to Collation and Returning Officers to correct calculation errors and avoid arbitrary handling of results.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should improve crisis communication during elections, providing detailed, regular, and progressive updates.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

National Population Commission should manage the extraction and updating of the National Voters Register from the population database.

2023 General Elections • National Population Commission, INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Implement a monitoring system to ensure integrity of the National Register of Voters.

2023 General Elections • National Population Commission, INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should improve the register by systematically removing dead registrants.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should resume Continuous Voter Registration well ahead of general or off-cycle elections.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should consider abolishing PVCs and using alternative identification methods (National ID, passport, driver’s license) to reduce election costs.

2023 General Elections • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Perpetrators of electoral violence must be prosecuted and convicted; establish Electoral Offences Commission and Electoral Court to ensure speedy justice.

2023 General Election • ICCES, Judiciary, Electoral Offences Commission • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Advocate for passage of the Electoral Offences Commission Act to ensure a dedicated institution can arrest, investigate, and coordinate enforcement of electoral offences.

2023 General Election • CSOs, National Assembly • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Establish a specialized Electoral Court to handle pre- and post-electoral litigations, expedite trials, and allow judicial specialization.

2023 General Election • Judiciary, National Assembly • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Civil society groups should mount sustained advocacy for the Electoral Offences Commission and Court, sharing best practices from other jurisdictions.

2023 General Election • CSOs • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

ICCES, in consultation with judiciary, should create SOPs for gathering evidence on electoral offences and train field officers for prosecution before off-cycle elections.

2023 General Election • ICCES, Judiciary, CSOs • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Electoral security finance requires medium-term planning across all election phases, including personnel and materials, avoiding double budgeting.

2023 General Election • ICCES, INEC, Security Agencies • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Timely distribution of appropriated funds for electoral security; align welfare of security personnel accordingly.

2023 General Election • ICCES, INEC, Security Agencies • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Decentralize training of security officers on electoral matters across local governments; training should be continuous rather than ad-hoc.

2023 General Election • ICCES, Security Agencies • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Security agencies should be trained on electoral laws to ensure responsiveness to electoral offences.

2023 General Election • Security Agencies • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Electoral interventions by CSOs, diplomatic, and donor agencies should be data-driven and region-specific.

2023 General Election • CSOs, Development Partners • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Strengthen Police-Community relations to promote peaceful and credible elections through discussion platforms for collaboration.

2023 General Election • Police, CSOs, ICCES • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Electoral Institute should review the EVMAT tool to accommodate emerging trends and issues in electoral security.

2023 General Election • Electoral Institute, ICCES • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Integrate civil society into early warning mechanisms to strengthen linkages with communities.

2023 General Election • ICCES, CSOs • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Consider early warning assessments from other stakeholders to complement ICCES security assessment.

2023 General Election • ICCES • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

ICCES, through Police, should collaborate with CSOs and communities to respond effectively to early warning signals.

2023 General Election • ICCES, Police, CSOs • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Electoral stakeholders should work with political parties to strengthen internal conflict resolution mechanisms to reduce intra-party tensions.

2023 General Election • Political Parties, CSOs • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should conduct post-election audits of ballots to identify invalid votes and improve voter education interventions.

2023 General Election • INEC • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Engage Inter-party Advisory Committee and political parties to create or strengthen voter education departments for civic education.

2023 General Election • Political Parties, INEC • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Review and expand civic education curricula in schools to include electoral education at high school and tertiary levels.

2023 General Election • NERDC, IFES, Government • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Inter-agencies Committee on Voter Education should be functional and supported by development partners for effective CVE at local levels.

2023 General Election • Inter-agencies CVE Committees, Development Partners • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Review section 52 (2) of the Electoral Act to improve ballot marking mechanisms (e.g., dedicated pens vs ink thumbprints); CSOs to support advocacy.

2023 General Election • Civil Society, INEC, National Assembly • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should expand mock accreditation exercises to mock elections or voting to educate voters and reduce mistakes.

2023 General Election • INEC • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

CSOs and development partners should collaborate with INEC’s voter education department to conduct pre-election studies on public knowledge of electoral processes.

2023 General Election • Civil Society, Development Partners, INEC • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Civic and voter education (CVE) should begin immediately after notice of elections is given to allow longer engagement with voters.

2023 General Election • INEC, Civil Society • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

Government should ensure adequate budgetary provisions for NOA to conduct CVE nationwide, complementing INEC’s efforts.

2023 General Election • Government, NOA • Source: KDI

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Indicative: Medium

INEC should thoroughly investigate allegations of electoral malpractice, misapplication of electoral laws and guidelines, and prosecute staff found complicit to strengthen accountability.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should conduct a comprehensive audit of the Imo governorship election results and publicly release its findings to restore public confidence.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Security agencies should investigate and prosecute cases of complicity, misconduct and unprofessional behaviour by officers during elections.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Security Agencies • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The National Assembly should fast-track electoral reforms, particularly the establishment of an Electoral Offences Commission.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should review policies to ensure voters in polling units affected by suspension or cancellation are not disenfranchised.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

The Presidency should commit to comprehensive electoral reform, incorporating recommendations from previous reform exercises such as the Uwais Report.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Executive, Presidency • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The National Assembly should consider unbundling INEC to improve institutional efficiency and effectiveness.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The National Assembly should urgently establish an Electoral Offences Commission and Tribunal to deter impunity and enforce election laws.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 2 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Campaign finance laws should be revised to improve transparency, accountability and fairness in political financing.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should institutionalise post-election audits to investigate failed polling units, pre-filled result sheets and other irregularities.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should strengthen ward and LGA collation processes, ensure accountability for inaccurate declarations and explore electronic collation.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The National Assembly should conduct regular pre- and post-election oversight of INEC’s compliance with electoral laws.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC should improve internal coordination, staff communication and compliance with procedures to address operational lapses.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should apply electoral rules uniformly and sanction violations by institutions or individuals to prevent recurrence.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should ensure polling units are accessible to PWDs and provide assistive materials such as braille guides and magnifiers.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Political parties should adopt issue-based, peaceful campaign strategies and refrain from violence, intimidation and vote-buying.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Political parties should respect opponents’ campaign activities and ensure members do not disrupt lawful assemblies.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Allegations of voter intimidation and suppression by security agents and political thugs should be thoroughly investigated.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The Inspector-General of Police should investigate police overreach and hold offending officers and political sponsors accountable.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

CSOs should collaborate to support electoral reforms and advocate for timely amendments to the Electoral Act.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

CSOs should intensify advocacy for improved inclusion of women in the electoral process.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Media and CSOs should intensify voter education on the dangers of vote trading and electoral accountability.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Media, Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Law enforcement agencies should deploy targeted strategies and sanctions to curb vote-buying and inducement.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Security Agencies • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Stakeholders should address drivers of low voter turnout through trust-building, education and outreach initiatives.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should review the electoral framework using lessons from the 2023 off-cycle elections to address systemic weaknesses.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Federal and state governments should safeguard INEC’s independence to restore public confidence in elections.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Executive, Presidency • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

INEC should improve logistical planning to address delays caused by late arrival of materials and security escorts.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The National Assembly should establish an Electoral Offences Commission to enable INEC focus on election administration.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • National Assembly • Source: Kukah Centre

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should address logistical and technological shortcomings, ensure transparent result transmission and consistent IReV uploads.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Electoral technologies such as BVAS should be fully tested, reliably deployed and supported on election day.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Security deployment should be better coordinated in high-risk areas to protect voters and election officials.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Security Agencies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Stakeholders should proactively counter disinformation and misinformation through coordinated response mechanisms.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC, Media, CSOs, Political Parties • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Civic education and voter engagement programmes should be sustained, particularly targeting young and disillusioned voters.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC, Civil Society • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Gender inclusion should be promoted by addressing candidate disparities and protecting women from targeted disinformation.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Political Parties, CSOs, Media • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Political parties should strengthen internal democracy through transparent and credible primaries.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Political Parties • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Vote-buying and inducement should be aggressively addressed to protect electoral integrity.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • INEC, Security Agencies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

State institutions and officeholders should remain neutral and impartial during elections.

Bayelsa, Imo & Kogi 2023 • Executive, Presidency • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Take deliberate steps to protect the secrecy of the ballot and enforce its electoral guidelines especially as it relates to the secrecy of the ballot.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Ensure that the BVAS is consistently updated and upgraded to ensure optimal functionality.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC and the State should ensure full accessibility for voters with disabilities by properly training officials, providing necessary assistive tools, and making polling and public facilities disability-friendly.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Ensure timely prosecution of election offenders and strengthen proactive enforcement against voter inducement and vote-buying.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Desist from the persistent practice of vote-buying and other actions that undermine the integrity of the electoral process.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Encourage issue-based participation in elections and invest in building political parties that uphold democratic principles and promote electoral integrity

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Commit to gender-inclusive leadership recruitment by ensuring that women are elected into party leadership positions and elected in party primaries in subsequent elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Stakeholders such as INEC, NOA, and CSOs should invest in political and voter education to build citizens’ consciousness on the importance of democracy and the value of the vote.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, NOA, Civil Society • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Ensure adequate support and accessibility measures for voters with disabilities to enable them to vote independently.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Stakeholders should implement strategies to address voter apathy and increase citizen participation, particularly among young people.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Collaborate to develop and implement strategies, including reforms, to decisively curb vote trading.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, Political Parties, Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Security agencies should take proactive measures to prevent and control vote trading during elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Stakeholders should establish accountability measures for political parties, including clear criteria for candidates to appear on the ballot, to ensure competitive and orderly elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Proactive and strict measures should be taken to prevent vote-buying and stop the commodification of votes.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, Political Parties • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Perpetrators of electoral malpractice, including vote-buying, should face speedy and transparent prosecution.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Media and digital literacy initiatives should be strengthened to counter misinformation and disinformation.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Media, Civil Society • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Fact-checking efforts should be enhanced and coordinated at subnational and national levels to address post-election disinformation.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Media, Civil Society • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Citizens should remain active participants in the democratic process and contribute to the development of Nigeria’s democracy.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society, Citizens • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ensure voters with disabilities can vote independently by providing necessary assistive devices and training officials to offer effective, non-stigmatizing support.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Intensify efforts in educating the electorate about the electoral process and the importance of voting to address voter apathy.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Work on developing stronger oversight mechanisms to prevent any potential disruptions, ensuring the credibility and transparency of election results in future elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Security agents must be more proactive in preventing electoral malpractices, particularly vote trading.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Security personnel should undergo more comprehensive training on their roles in ensuring electoral laws are followed.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Security agencies should focus on building trust with local communities to enhance collaboration and ensure peaceful elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Political parties should ensure candidates run meaningful campaigns with clear, actionable plans, avoiding cross-carpeting and last-minute endorsements.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties should follow democratic principles and legal requirements in candidate selection, ensuring proper vetting and compliance with electoral guidelines.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Political parties should act transparently and be held accountable, with INEC and stakeholders enforcing stronger regulations to ensure compliance with the Electoral Act on primaries and candidate selection.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC, Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Civil society groups should continue advocating for electoral reforms, voter education, and observation to ensure free and fair elections.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Collaborate with INEC and security agencies to enhance electoral transparency and accountability through dialogue, observation, and addressing issues like vote buying and voter intimidation.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Citizens, especially youth, should actively participate in voting to exercise their democratic rights and influence the future of the state and country.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Citizens should better educate themselves on the impact of their votes, the candidates, and the political processes.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

The electorate should remain engaged in discussions about governance and election integrity, as this will empower voters to make informed decisions at the polls.

Ondo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Investigate polling officials and collation officers involved in the violations of the guidelines on results collation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Clarify the inconsistencies in some of the results from the LGAs identified in the observation reports.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Provide update on the number of arrests made during the elections and information on the disciplinary steps taken against its officers who enabled any form of election malpractice or manipulation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Implement a transparent review process for contested results and ensure detailed, publicly accessible polling unit results are traceable and verifiable against BVAS and IReV data.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should strengthen logistics by ensuring timely deployment of materials and personnel, conducting risk assessments and contingency planning, and training ad-hoc staff on accurate result collation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

INEC should Implement technological solutions for real-time tracking of results as they move through collation stages.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Ensure consistency between results uploaded to IREV and those recorded at collation centres, preventing unexplained delays in uploads.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

To ensure assistive materials are available for PWDs, elderly voters, pregnant women, and nursing mothers, INEC should conduct thorough needs assessments ahead of elections.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Explore early voting options for vulnerable groups in remote or difficult-to-reach areas to enhance accessibility.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Amend the Electoral Act to ensure BVAS is the primary tool for voter authentication and accreditation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Establish IREV as the legal standard for real-time result collation and verification.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Support measures that ensure the neutrality of security forces during elections to prevent intimidation or interference.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Advocate for security presence at collation centers to prevent undue influence on results.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Refrain from engaging in vote-buying and other manipulative practices that erode electoral integrity.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Promote peaceful electioneering and ensure party agents adhere to election guidelines.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Deploy security forces at polling stations and collation centers to ensure election security without bias.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Maintain publicly available contact details for security officers to allow concerns about misconduct to be reported and addressed.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Strictly enforce laws against vote-buying, ensuring that violators face immediate and well-publicized consequences.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Work closely with INEC to prosecute electoral offenses such as result manipulation and intimidation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Continue to implement voter education campaigns to emphasize the importance of electoral participation.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Work with communities to reduce voter apathy by highlighting the impact of voting.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Strengthen independent observation efforts at all stages of the electoral process to enhance transparency.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Advocate for judicial reforms to prioritize BVAS data in election dispute resolutions.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Engage in elections by registering to vote and turning out on election day to make their voices heard.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Report incidents of vote-buying, manipulation, or security misconduct to relevant authorities.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Hold elected officials and institutions accountable for electoral promises and governance.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Support advocacy efforts aimed at improving Nigeria’s electoral process.

Edo State 2023 Governorship Election • Citizens • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Address persistent late opening of polls by improving logistics and oversight of transport providers engaged for election duties.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Sustain and institutionalise the efficient, transparent, and drama-free results collation process observed during the election.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Ensure the consistent availability of assistive materials, including braille ballot guides and magnifying glasses, in all polling units to support voters with disabilities.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Security agencies should move beyond passive presence and take decisive action against vote buying and vote selling during elections.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Authorities should critically review the escalating deployment of security personnel in off-cycle elections, particularly in light of personnel welfare concerns.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies, Government Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Relevant authorities and stakeholders should demonstrate genuine commitment to addressing the entrenched problem of vote buying and vote selling in Nigerian elections.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC, Security Agencies, Political Parties, Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Electoral reforms should introduce strict eligibility criteria for political parties to appear on the ballot to promote competitive electioneering.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Conduct a comprehensive review of political party performance since the 2023 general elections and strengthen accountability mechanisms ahead of 2027.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Electoral reforms should criminalise the abuse of state power and resources by incumbents to ensure a level playing field for all candidates.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • National Assembly • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Stakeholders should intensify efforts to address voter apathy through sustained civic education, voter mobilisation, and public enlightenment initiatives.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC, Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Address persistent logistical bottlenecks to ensure polling units are fully operational at the official start time.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Refrain from vote-buying and the commercialization of elections, and instead adopt practices that build trust in the electoral process.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Stakeholders should initiate a national conversation and develop strategies to address low voter turnout, especially among youth, to strengthen democratic legitimacy.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC, Civil Society • Source: YIAGA Africa

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Electoral reforms should strengthen INEC’s operational capacity through timely funding, decentralised planning, consistent communication, real-time result publication, early voting for essential personnel, and comprehensive staff training.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • National Assembly, INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Political parties should focus on voter education and issue-based campaigns while upholding internal democracy and transparent campaign financing.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

The government at all levels should build a sustainable, year-round security architecture that addresses root causes of insecurity and protects elections without excessive, resource-draining deployments.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Government, Security Agencies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Discourage vote trading through deliberate efforts to deliver good governance while promoting civic education across all strata of society to discourage transactional politics.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • NOA • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Ongoing reforms of the electoral act must take into consideration the need to arrest and prosecute electoral offenders.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies, Judiciary • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Media, security agencies and civil society organisations, must collaborate to identify and debunk disinformation during elections.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Media, Civil Society, Security Agencies • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Promote inclusion through collaboration with relevant organisations on training personnel and the provision of voting aid materials for marginalised groups.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: CDD

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Improve adherence of its officials to laid down electoral laws, regulations, guidelines, processes, and procedures based on the lessons learned from past elections, especially the 2021 governorship election and the 2023 general election.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Ensure early and adequate training of all categories of ad hoc staff, especially on election technology and results management processes.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Hold confidence-building dialogues and engagements with different sections of the public in Anambra State to promote openness and transparency of the electoral process.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Leverage its relationship with the security agencies through the platform of the InterAgency Committee on Election Security (ICCES) to be able to track electoral violence and identify the perpetrators of violence, to arrest and prosecute them.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Strengthen its oversight of the behaviour of political parties in the lead-up to and during elections – strictly enforcing political party regulations and guidelines, and code of conduct for political parties.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Facilitate high-level peace dialogue that would bring together prominent citizens of the State across the three Senatorial Districts to promote a shared understanding of the need for peaceful elections, including promoting a Peace Accord.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • INEC • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

Political parties and their candidates should conduct themselves in an orderly and peaceful manner, and rein in their supporters about democratic conduct, including non-violent conduct and adherence to electoral rules.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Political Parties • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Improve security arrangements by identifying and sanctioning individuals and groups using inflammatory rhetoric, inciting violence, or plotting to perpetrate it.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Incorporate within the security arrangement for the Anambra State governorship election, the need to block the inflow of armed non-state actors from neighbouring states and to curb the activities of those within the State.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Strengthen inter-agency cooperation and provide election security in a non-partisan and wholesome manner.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Work in synergy with INEC to ensure adequate and even deployment of security personnel across polling units and other electoral sites, as well as between urban and rural areas

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Security Agencies • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Very High

Work with INEC and other relevant agencies to strengthen civic and voter education across the state to improve voter awareness about peaceful conduct during elections, the need to eschew vote buying and selling, and the civic importance of voting and mandate protection.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Ensure adequate mobilization of election observers by improving their training and ensuring balanced deployment across the State.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: High

Work closely with the Police Service Commission to monitor the conduct of security personnel during the election.

Anambra State 2025 Governorship Election • Civil Society • Source: Situation Room

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Medium

INEC’s appointment of the Chairman, National Commissioners, and State Resident Electoral Commissioners should be merit-based and conducted through a participatory selection process in line with Sections 153 and 154 of the 1999 Constitution.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Nominees must not have held partisan political office or being members of any political party, at least 10 years prior to nomination as Chair or National and Resident Electoral Commissioners (RECs).

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Public asset and interest disclosure of ties to politically exposed persons (PEPs).

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Nominees for INEC Chair should possess a minimum of 15 years’ relevant professional experience, while nominees for National and Resident Electoral Commissioners should have at least 10 years’ relevant experience in related fields.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

There should be Open Senate confirmation hearings with live broadcast, a 14 day petition window and written reasons for decisions.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Adopt a process of screening INEC nominees that will guarantee the neutrality and competence of the officials.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Issue guidelines for submitting petitions against nominations of INEC officials to promote effective public participation.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Thoroughly and satisfactorily consider and investigate petitions or complaints against nominees for positions in INEC.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Subject nominees for positions in INEC to rigorous public scrutiny before confirming their nominations.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

All constitutional and Electoral Act amendments or reforms will need to be completed at least 12 months before polling day.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Close extant gaps on results transmission, campaign finance ceilings and disclosure, electoral technology accreditation, etc.

2027 General Elections • INEC, National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

National Assembly to institute post-election independent performance audits within two weeks of every general election.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to issue Guidelines and an e-portal for complaints against officials, with status-tracking for petitioners.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

There should be Annual Joint Oversight Hearings of INEC, Police, all security services, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, and other relevant stakeholders, on election readiness.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Mandatory digital upload of Polling Unit results to the IReV portal within two hours of declaration at the Polling Unit.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

There should be ninterrupted public livestream of collation at RA, LGA, State and National levels.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Legal protection for accredited observers and party agents to record and broadcast proceedings.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Statutory 24-hour collation-pause clause where violence, intimidation or systemic device failure is certified by INEC.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Integrated Election Security Framework (IESF) led by the Inspector General of Police and published six months before the polls.

2027 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Pre-deployment briefing emphasising human-rights-based policing, signed Rules of Engagement and individual body-cam use where available.

2027 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Real-time citizen hotline and incident-mapping dashboard shared with CSOs and the media.

2027 General Elections • Security Agencies • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Enactment and operationalisation of the Electoral Offences Commission Act by December 2025.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Dedicated Special Electoral Offences Courts with 180-day trial completion target.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Public quarterly scorecard of arrests, prosecutions and convictions, disaggregated by offence type, location, sex and party affiliation.

2027 General Elections • INEC, Police • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Comply strictly with provisions of the electoral laws and regulations in handling pre-election cases and election petitions.

2027 General Elections • Judiciary • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill mandating the resolution of pre-election disputes well before Election Day, to ensure timely justice and certainty of candidates.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill mandating the resolution of election petitions before the swearing-in of elected officials, to strengthen the legitimacy of the electoral mandate.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Civil society organizations and media organizations should monitor and observe the handling of election petitions by courts and report on the credibility of the process.

2027 General Elections • Civil Society, Media • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Internal party primaries should be broadcast live, with certified participant party membership or delegates register published 48 hours prior.

2027 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Parties to submit detailed campaign finance pre-budget and realtime expense dashboard capped at statutory limits

2027 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Parties and candidates to sign a Peace & Issue-Based Campaign Accord monitored by the National Peace Committee.

2027 General Elections • Political Parties • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC, National Broadcasting Commission and the National Communications Commission, to deploy a Joint Monitoring Hub tracking media airtime, hate speech, offline & online abuse of state resources.

2027 General Elections • INEC, NCC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Impose graduated sanctions, including fines, equal-time remedies and disqualification for egregious violations.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Guarantee opposition access to public venues and state-owned media on a non-discriminatory basis.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

CSOs to follow the Situation Room Code of Conduct for Observers — covering impartiality, data protection and timely reporting.

2027 General Elections • Civil Society • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Government to guarantee visa-free entry and protection of accredited regional/international observers.

2027 General Elections • Government • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Establish a Civil Society Protection Hotline with rapid response by security agencies.

2027 General Elections • Civil Society • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated Political Parties and Campaign Finance Commission.

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated Electoral Offences Commission

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

The National Assembly should pass, and the President assent to, a Bill to restructure INEC by unbundling its functions and establishing a dedicated National Elections Logistics Agency

2027 General Elections • National Assembly • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Complete institutional transition plan by June 2026.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Federal government should approve and release adequate funds to INEC to enable the Commission to embark on early preparation for elections.

2027 General Elections • Federal Government • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC should commence the procurement and distribution of electoral materials early enough to avoid a last-minute rush.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC should ensure timely opening of polling units and commencement of voting across the country.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Activate the newly created polling units to reduce overcrowding at polling units and improve access to polling units.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Ensure that polling units are more accessible for People with Disability.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Relocate polling units in inappropriate locations such as those situated within private residences, political parties’ offices, markets, and those that do not provide adequate latitude for secrecy of vote to more appropriate locations.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to revamp INEC Electoral Institute curriculum; make micro-learning modules and manuals open access.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Deploy a minimum 1 RATECH per 4 PUs, trained on biometric device maintenance, cyber-hygiene and data privacy.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Mandatory code-signed oath for adhoc staff with sanctions for breach.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to resume the continuous voter registration early enough to register those that turned 18 years since the last registration, those who have not registered before, and to attend to request for transfer and update of registration data.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to establish sufficient registration centers across the country to make it easier for eligible voters to register.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Ensure that voter registration equipment, such as biometric capture machines, function optimally to reduce delays and errors in the registration process.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Adopt measures to ensure that eligible voters who are amputees and those affected by leprosy can register as voters and vote.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Improve the system of issuing citizens with Permanent Voter Cards (or any other valid means of identification during voter accreditation) after registration.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to conduct a thorough audit of the voter register to remove multiple registrations, deceased, and under-aged voters.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Procure and distribute a sufficient number of functional electronic accreditation devices to ensure that faulty devices are quickly replaced if they cannot be repaired.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Recruit, train, and mobilize a sufficient number of Registration Area Technical Assistants (RATECHs) to deal with complaints of malfunctioning devices on election day.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Ensure that the Voter Register is displayed in a manner that gives access to persons with mobility challenges on election day.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC and NOA to run a 24-month integrated civic education plan using local languages, sign language and community radio.

2027 General Elections • INEC, NOA • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Leverage youth influencers, schools and faithbased networks; address gender equality, PWD and anti-disinformation themes.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

INEC to maintain 24/7 Election Information Centre with daily situation briefs during critical phases.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Publish datasets (turnout, PU-level results, logistics deployment) in machine-readable formats (CSV/JSON) under open licence.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low

Collaborate with factchecking coalitions and socialmedia platforms to flag, contextualise or remove election related disinformation consistent with human-rights standards.

2027 General Elections • INEC • Source: Unknown

Frequency: 1 • Across cycles: Verified: Low